What are the four planes used in Steiner's analysis?

The four planes used in Steiner's analysis are essential for understanding craniofacial relationships and aid in diagnosing skeletal and dental discrepancies. In this context, the SN plane (Sella-Nasion plane) serves as a foundational reference plane, used to establish the anterior cranial base's position and orientation. The Palatal plane is utilized to evaluate the maxillary position relative to craniofacial structures, while the Occ plane (Occlusal plane) provides insights into the alignment of the dental arches. Lastly, the Mandibular plane gives data about the vertical position of the mandible. By analyzing these four planes, practitioners can assess relationships like the maxillo-mandibular relationship, the position of the incisors, and overall skeletal balance, leading to better treatment planning in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. This comprehensive understanding of craniofacial relationships plays a vital role in effective orthodontic treatment and evaluation.